Ask OASIS Proper sentence structure is key to clear writing, but sometimes sentences either run together or are incomplete. Run-on sentences occur when two independent clauses are improperly joined, while sentence fragments are incomplete thoughts. Identifying and fixing these issues can improve the clarity and flow of your writing.
Run-On Sentences
A run-on sentence occurs when two or more independent clauses (also known as complete sentences) are connected improperly.
I love to write papers I would write one every day if I had the time.
In this example, there are two complete sentences:
- Sentence 1: I love to write papers.
- Sentence 2: I would write one every day if I had the time.
I love to write papers, I would write one every day if I had the time.
This is known as a comma splice, which is a special type of run-on sentence.
Correcting Run-On Sentences
You can correct a run-on sentence by connecting or separating its parts correctly. There are several ways to connect independent clauses.
Use a Period
The easiest way to fix a run-on is to split the sentence into smaller sentences using a period. This revision works especially well with longer sentences. Check to make sure that this solution does not result in short, choppy sentences.
Use a semicolon
Inserting a semicolon between independent clauses creates a grammatically correct sentence. Using a semicolon is a stylistic choice that establishes a close relationship between the two sentences.
Use a comma and a coordinating conjunction
A comma, paired with a coordinating conjunction (like "and” or “but”), corrects a run-on sentence. This method emphasizes the relationship between the two clauses.
Use a subordinating conjunction
Turn one of the independent clauses into a dependent clause. A subordinating conjunction (like "because" and "although") connects two clauses to create a complex sentence. This option works to cement the relationship between the two parts and may improve the flow of the clauses.
Use a semicolon before a transitional expression and a comma after it
Some comma splices occur when a writer attempts to use a transitional expression (like “therefore”) in the middle of a sentence. To fix this type of comma splice, use a semicolon before the transitional expression and add a comma after it.
Sentence Fragments
A sentence fragment is a group of words that doesn’t make a complete sentence because it’s missing a necessary part, like a subject or a verb, or it doesn’t express a full idea.
Correcting Sentence Fragments
Fragments can be corrected by identifying the missing element and including it in the sentence.
Add a Subject
Here is an example sentence fragment without a clear subject.
In this example, who shows no improvement? Adding a clear subject will correct the sentence fragment.
Add an Action
Here is an example of a fragment with a missing predicate, or action.
Although the sentence is quite long, it still contains no action. What are the doctors doing? Once identified, the sentence can be corrected by adding an action.
Key Takeaways
By identifying and correcting run-on sentences and sentence fragments, you can significantly improve the readability and flow of your writing. Remember, clear writing not only conveys your message more effectively but also engages your readers and enhances their understanding.