Find
Database Searching
Research by Type
Common Research Tasks and Tools
Math and Statistics Resources
Explore our Peer Tutoring Appointments
Our peer tutors are available to answer questions to build skills in quantitative concepts and software programs.
Course-Based Tutoring
Peer mentors are current Walden students like you who understand the experience of learning online. They regularly host Peer Mentor Connect and Chat sessions and OASIS Live events, where you can ask questions, learn strategies, and share experiences.
OASIS Live
Writing Services
Our EBSCO databases, including the popular Multi-Database Search, are getting a new look on May 20th!
You can learn more about the new interface or preview the new version now.
Latin abbreviations like “e.g.,” or “etc.” are an effective way to use common argumentative phrases in parenthetical material without taking up much space or distracting your readers from your main ideas. However, in academic writing and in APA style, there are specific rules about when and how to use them.
Review Abbreviations for more information on other types of abbreviations in APA.
Latin abbreviations are only appropriate to use within parentheses. If you have a Latin abbreviation in the main part of your sentence, you can restructure the sentence to place the Latin abbreviation within parentheses, or you can replace it with the English translation.
Latin Abbreviation Option
The list includes a variety of fruits that are commonly available in most U.S. supermarkets (e.g., apples, oranges, and bananas).
English Translation Option
The list includes a variety of fruits that are commonly available in most American supermarkets—for example, apples, oranges, and bananas.
The subjects were asked to describe their feelings (i.e., their moods, perceptions, and emotions) in the box provided on the survey form.
The subjects were asked to describe their feelings—that is, their moods, perceptions, and emotions—in the box provided on the survey form.
Numerous studies have focused on the connection between teacher engagement and student performance (e.g., Jones, 2018).
In this example, “e.g.” (which stands for “for example”) is used to provide an example of a study that is referred to generally in the text of the sentence. The Latin abbreviation is followed by a comma and the in-text citation for the source.
A common Latin abbreviation in APA style is “et al.” (which means “and others”). It is used in both narrative and parenthetical in-text citations when citing three or more authors and is an exception to these general rules for Latin abbreviations. Learn more about using et al. on our citation variations page.