APA Style has specific guidelines for how to cite the same source multiple times in the same paragraph.
Note: The narrative citation rule starts over with a new paragraph.
Review this example paragraph. Take note of how the writer applies the APA rules for when to include the date for narrative and parenthetical citations for the Gregory and Chapman source.
In culmination of the Tomlinson (2006) and the Anderson (2007) position on differentiated instruction, Gregory and Chapman (2006) emphasized that experience and new brain research has informed educators that students are different, learn differently, have different preferences, and have different needs. Students also differ from each other in social development and physical abilities. Consequently, Gregory and Chapman posed the question of why teachers expect students to adjust to learning in one-size fits all lessons instead of adjusting the lessons to the students. Gregory and Chapman further advocated for teachers to know their students and know the standards, as well as to allow the needs of the students to determine instructional decisions. The authors elaborated their perspectives on differentiated instruction to include the concepts that differentiated instruction "meets learners where they are and offers challenging, appropriate options for them in order to achieve success" (Gregory & Chapman, 2006, p. 3). The authors further explored why differentiated instruction is needed today instead of employing the traditional instruction methods of yesterday.
Breaking the paragraph into smaller sections can help us better examine the citations.
In culmination of the Tomlinson (2006) and the Anderson (2007) position on differentiated instruction, Gregory and Chapman (2006) emphasized that experience and new brain research has informed educators that students are different, learn differently, have different preferences, and have different needs.
Because the citation is a narrative citation, and it's the first citation for Gregory and Chapman in the paragraph, the writer includes the year.
Students also differ from each other in social development and physical abilities. Consequently, Gregory and Chapman posed the question of why teachers expect students to adjust to learning in one-size fits all lessons instead of adjusting the lessons to the students. Gregory and Chapman further advocated for teachers to know their students and know the standards, as well as to allow the needs of the students to determine instructional decisions.
Because these are not the first narrative citations for this source in the paragraph, the writer doesn’t need to include the year again. Instead, just the author names are enough.
The authors elaborated their perspectives on differentiated instruction to include the concepts that differentiated instruction "meets learners where they are and offers challenging, appropriate options for them in order to achieve success" (Gregory & Chapman, 2006, p. 3).
Because this is a parenthetical citation, it must include the year. Even though the writer already cited Gregory and Chapman in the paragraph, that doesn't matter – all parenthetical citations need to include the year.
Remember these rules start over for new paragraphs. In any other paragraphs in the paper, whether they come before or after this paragraph, the writer must include the year with the first Gregory and Chapman narrative citation.
OASIS