Citation Variations
Below are some common variations of sources and how to cite them.
For examples of how to format reference list entries for cited sources, consult our common examples list.
| Type of Source | Narrative Citations | Parenthetical Citations |
|---|---|---|
| Book | Pezalla and Culver (2010) | (Pezalla & Culver, 2010) |
| Course Study Notes (No Author) | "Public Speaker" (2010) | ("Public Speaker," 2010) |
| One Author | Lai (2020) | (Lai, 2020) |
| Two Authors | Dusek and Spates (2019) | (Dusek & Spates, 2019) |
| Three or More Authors | Rhodes et al. (2007) | (Rhodes et al., 2007) |
| Group Authors | Veteran Affairs (2012) | (Veteran Affairs, 2012) |
| Multiple Sources With the Same Author and Year |
Walden University (2012a) Walden University (2012b) |
(Walden University, 2012a) (Walden University, 2012b) |
| Multiple Sources in Same Citation | Walden University (2012a, 2012b), Franklin (2010), and Brander (2009) | (Brander, 2009; Franklin, 2010; Walden University, 2012a, 2012b) |
| No Date | Mayo Clinic (n.d.) | (Mayo Clinic, n.d.) |
| Organization's Website | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2012) | (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2012) |
| Personal Communication | M. Smith (personal communication, February 3, 2012) | (M. Smith, personal communication, February 3, 2012) |
| Secondary Source | Oyler (2009, as cited in Skarbakka, 2011) | (Oyler, 2009, as cited in Skarbakka, 2011) |
| Six or More Authors | Kubista et al. (2012) | (Kubista et al., 2012) |
| Republished work | Freud (1923/1961) | (Freud, 1923/1961) |
Adapted from APA 7, p. 266.
Multiple Works in a Citation (video, 1:45)
Course Videos (video, 2:06)
Textual Course Materials (video, 1:40)
Citing Yourself (video, 1:16)
Works With the Same Author and Year (video, 2:04)
Secondary Sources (video, 2:08)