Academic Guides: Citations: Citation Variations

Citation Variations

Below are some common variations of sources and how to cite them.

For examples of how to format reference list entries for cited sources, consult our common examples list.

Type of Source	Narrative Citations	Parenthetical Citations
Book	Pezalla and Culver (2010)	(Pezalla & Culver, 2010)
Course Study Notes (No Author)	"Public Speaker" (2010)	("Public Speaker," 2010)
One Author	Lai (2020)	(Lai, 2020)
Two Authors	Dusek and Spates (2019)	(Dusek & Spates, 2019)
Three or More Authors	Rhodes et al. (2007)	(Rhodes et al., 2007)
Group Authors	Veteran Affairs (2012)	(Veteran Affairs, 2012)
Multiple Sources With the Same Author and Year	Walden University (2012a) Walden University (2012b)	(Walden University, 2012a) (Walden University, 2012b)
Multiple Sources in Same Citation	Walden University (2012a, 2012b), Franklin (2010), and Brander (2009)	(Brander, 2009; Franklin, 2010; Walden University, 2012a, 2012b)
No Date	Mayo Clinic (n.d.)	(Mayo Clinic, n.d.)
Organization's Website	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2012)	(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2012)
Personal Communication	M. Smith (personal communication, February 3, 2012)	(M. Smith, personal communication, February 3, 2012)
Secondary Source	Oyler (2009, as cited in Skarbakka, 2011)	(Oyler, 2009, as cited in Skarbakka, 2011)
Republished work	Freud (1923/1961)	(Freud, 1923/1961)