Capitalization
Words beginning a sentence:
- An elephant was in my garage.
Major words in titles that are included in the body of the paper:
- In the book Modern Warfare, Clinger (1998) envisioned a world where ground troops are unnecessary.
- Smith (1998) compared the action films Killbot and Killbot 2: The Robot of Destruction.
This includes all words with four or more letters, all linking verbs, and the first word in a subtitle after a colon.
Major words in Level 1 and Level 2 headings:
- See our webpage on headings for more information.
Proper nouns:
- Few psychologists were more influential than Freud.
Do not, however, capitalize proper adjectives that have a common meaning as defined by Webster's Collegiate.
- Because her baby was already 14 lb, her doctor insisted that she have a cesarean section.
Trade names:
- My dog loves Purina Puppy Chow.
- I could go for a Snickers bar.
Names of specific university departments or courses:
- I enrolled in Scholarly Writing 101.
- Glassner was the associate dean of the Department of Psychology, Iowa State University.
Do not, however, capitalize generic references to courses or departments.
- I failed my psychology course.
Nouns followed by numerals (see exception for common parts of books or tables, explained below):
- On Day 2, the rats became more aggressive.
- I visited my grandmother on Floor 3.
Exact titles of tests:
- The students needed to take the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills test.
This does not apply to generic titles.
- The students needed to take the vocabulary test.
Do Not Capitalize
Proper adjectives that have a common meaning as defined by Webster's Collegiate:
- Because her baby was already 14 lb, her doctor insisted that she have a cesarean section.
Generic references to courses or departments:
- I failed my psychology course.
Names of laws, theories, models, hypotheses, effects, or variables:
- The student was unfamiliar with Gardner's multiple intelligence model.
- Floyd and Rivers (2003) were influenced by the hierarchy of needs.
The nouns "page" and "paragraph" that precede numerals:
- My teacher told me to reread page 5 in the fourth chapter.
Generic titles of tests:
- The students needed to take the vocabulary test.